Wednesday, May 27, 2020
Third Prompt - Free Essay Example
It is said that good things come to those who persist in prayer and the prayer has been granted. I am joining my dream college and it is the best moment in my life. It is such a privilege to going a prestigious university with the humble background that I have. I have always wanted to be part of Thailand both as a students and business person. This will be my first destination. I have robust interests in business, music, and arts. Having gone through high school education, I have been able to get numerous award in music at the high school level. I own various honors and certificates in music too. I have been part of the music band at my high school and played a key role in the band as the band leader. I have the passion for playing the trombone and the flute. All my awards have been as a result of the exemplary work in musical arrangements and playing of the instruments. I have traveled across the Europe with the music. It has paid me a great deal. I have also gained recognition m y country playing the instruments in competitions both nationally and nationally. I have been invited to play the instruments at national holidays for entertainment. I have also had the privilege to entertain the president at the statehouse. Having gone through this, I have made up my mind to venture into business as a form of diversification. I gained my passion for business immediately after high school. I wanted to create something new out of my passion. I decided to make audio-visual CDS of my music and sell them. This is because I believed that audience loved my music in the city. The CDs composed of arrangements and playing of the instruments. The first attempt was such bad experienced for me since the investment did not actualize. The materials did not sell out and losses were made. I only made a few sales of the materials and the return on investment was poor. Later, I was rescued by my former high school teacher who was who offered to assist me market my products. The sa les improved over the last one year and the profit margins expanded. Now that I have an air ticket to United States. I am so happy about all that I am going to do there. All my life I have always wished to be in the beautiful country. I have always seen the people of Thailand on the screen and what I admired most was the how the people take art seriously. I admire the hats that they put on to shade them of the intense heat of the sun. I also admire the way the citizens of the country do their music. Their music just like my mine enjoys a wide use of the instruments. Flute, for example, is widely used in their music. I also enjoy stories about cowboys. When I get there I want to improve my music skills. I want to join the best institutions that are going to improve my music. In the first 10 months in the country, I want to establish my relationship with the renowned personalities in the instrumental music. This will bring me that exposure and enable me to learn from them. I am also going to pursue my Bachelors Degree in Music and Arts. This is because when my stay in the U.S comes to an end, I want to get back the United States to accomplish my endeavors in the music industry. My academic qualifications allow me to pursue my interest in music. Having competed my high school I am ready to join a college in Texas that will ensure that this interest is achieved. I scored a first class (A) from Hyde Park high school in the national exams with good scores in music and business studies. My transcripts also suggest that I am a good student of technology. I am interested in space exploration and idolize the likes of Elon Musk of South Africa for his success in business. I am also very passionate about leadership. I was a student leader for the school band and I would like to keep the same spirit of leadership even abroad. I am hopeful that I will find the conducive environment for pursuing my political ambitions. I hope to present myself for the elective po sitions of student leadership in the university. This will help build my confidence in leadership which I will later carry back home. This because leadership in my country has not been fully received by youths. Getting to interact with new people with a new culture is also going to help me shape my perception of people and enable me to make friendship. I know that making friend can be very helpful in getting potential business partners. Linking music with business still remain my area of interest. One good question issue that keeps disturbing me is whether there will be room for interactions with not only the students but also the local citizens of the country. I just want to go there and interact with everyone because I feel that my dream has finally come true. I hope I enjoy the stay there while pursuing my education.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Essay on Grapes of Wrath - biblica comparison - 615 Words
Many novels written contain parallels to the Bible. This couldnââ¬â¢t be truer in the case John Steinbeckââ¬â¢s The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck alludes to Biblical characters and events with the use of Rose of Sharon, Jim Casy, and also the Joadââ¬â¢s journey to California. There are other events in the book that parallel the Bible, although the portrayal of Rose of Sharon and Jim Casy are the most obvious. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The novel is broken into 3 different parts, the time spent in Oklahoma, the journey on the road, and the time spent in California. Each section is closely related to the three stages of the Biblical Exodus: the Israelites time in bondage when God sent plagues to free them (chaptersâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Also when Uncle John puts Rose of Sharonââ¬â¢s stillborn child in an apple crate and floats it downstream, ââ¬Å"Go down and tell ââ¬Ëemâ⬠(Steinbeck, 571-72), it alludes to the journey that baby Moses made. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Joad family is made up of 12 people, including Connie, and Casy as the 13th person in the journey. This can be seen as a reference to Jesus and his 12 disciples. Connie represents Judas, the traitor that turns against Jesus and the rest of his disciples. In chapter 20 Connie expresses his regret of taking the journey to California to Rose of Sharon and eventually leaves, ââ¬Å"If Iââ¬â¢d knowed it would be like this I wouldnââ¬â¢ of cameâ⬠(Steinbeck, 343). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jim Casy has to be one of the most obvious references to the Bible. His character is meant to parallel Jesus. They both have the same initials, J.C., and Casy prided himself on finding out what was wrong and right just as Jesus did with preaching the difference between good and evil. In chapter 20 Casy gives himself up and gets arrested to save Tom. This action portrays Casy as a symbol of Christ. While in prison he finds his calling as a voice for the migrant farm workers. He is ultimately crucified for his actions in chapter 26. Casy says to his murders ââ¬Å" ââ¬â¢You donââ¬â¢t know what youââ¬â¢re a-doin!ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å" (Steinbeck, 527) which parallels Jesusââ¬â¢ words when he is being crucified, ââ¬Å" ââ¬â¢Father, forgive them,
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Eating Disorder And Disordered Eating - 2146 Words
Another issue that seems to be prevalent is the distinction between an eating disorder and disordered eating. These two are frequently misunderstood and used out of context. Disordered eating is almost the same thing as an eating disorder with a few differences. Someone who suffers from disordered eating is someone who does the same things as someone who suffers from an actual diagnosed eating disorder but with less frequently. An example of this would be purging after eating an excessive amount of food. Those who suffer from disordered eating often times have a history of depression or anxiety. In addition to mental health consequences, ED have physical health consequences. The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) lists some health consequences associated with AN and BN. For AN, health consequences include ââ¬Å"reduction of bone density (osteoporosis), severe dehydration, which can result in kidney failure, fainting, fatigue, anemia, a lower immune system function, slowed heart rate, even poor circulation of the blood, and overall weaknessâ⬠(NEDA). Some of the physical effects for BN are ââ¬Å"inflammation and possible rupture of the esophagus from frequent vomiting, chronic irregular bowel movements and constipation as a result of laxative abuse, and peptic ulcers and pancreatitis.â⬠(NEDA). Premature birth, muscle fatigue, tooth decay, and mental health issues can all arise from a BN as well. Multiple studies and reviews have been conducted to investigate theShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Disordered Eating825 Words à |à 4 PagesEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating. Thats all we see in the bathroom stalls on the seventh floor in Hayes Ãâ" Healy. What exactly are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating? Anorexia, bulimia, and disordered eating are habits that become an eating disorder. There are two sides to understanding the problems of eating disorders. One side is the emotional or psychological side that is affected by eating disordersRead MoreWomen s Lack Of Eating Disorders1488 Words à |à 6 PagesThere are many eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and feeding and eating conditions not elsewhere classified are clinical mental disorders. It is clear that 9 5% of disordered eating cases occur among women and that 90% of cases occur in people under the age of 25.7 In the case of young female athletes in general, it seems that they have a similar risk of developing disordered eating as non-athletes (de Oliveira Coelho, et al, 2014). The prevalence ofRead MoreWhy Do Teens Suffer From Eating Disorders1596 Words à |à 7 PagesOctober 20, 2015 Why Do Teens Suffer from Eating Disorders: Annotated Bib It is no new discovery that teenagers in America tend to have a conflict with eating disorders. This problematic issue tend to affect many young teens just as the people that surround them, those who care for them. People might stop to think why teens struggle so much with eating disorders or how can this issue be wiped out. The thing is people need to be well aware of eating disorders and there definition and try to find aRead MoreEating Disorders Among Female Athletes958 Words à |à 4 PagesEating Disorders Among Collegiate Female Student-Athletes Eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia) are not rare in todayââ¬â¢s society. They have become increasingly common among young women. Research indicates that there is a link between the mediaââ¬â¢s representation of ââ¬Å"the perfect bodyâ⬠as well as ideals of attractiveness with dissatisfaction of body image and eating disorders (Ferguson, Munoz, Garza, Galindo, 2013). In this current literature review, I will focus on the impact of eatingRead MoreSociocultural Factors that Lead to Eating Disorders in Young Women1604 Words à |à 7 PagesSociocultural Factors that Lead to Eating Disorders in Young Women According to the DSM-5, anorexia nervosa is characterized by ââ¬Å"distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fatâ⬠while bulimia nervosa is characterized by ââ¬Å"frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gainâ⬠(DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These two disorders most often affect adolescentRead MoreEffects Of Anorexia On Eating Disorders937 Words à |à 4 Pages Binge eating is characterized by uncontrollable overeating in which people devour huge amounts of food while feeling ungovernable and incapable to stop. (HelpGuide 1) People with binge eating disorder don t have episodes of recovery like bulimia, As a result, those who suffer under the wrath of this eating disorder put on weight very quickly and are always trying to make themselves feel better about their weight. Binge eating is a coping mechanism, wh ereas bulimia is a compulsion where one divulgesRead MoreTowards An Understanding Of Self Esteem And Eating Disorders1404 Words à |à 6 PagesTowards an Understanding of Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders By Melissa H. Smith, Ph.D. | Submitted On September 24, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Melissa H. Smith, Ph.D. During aRead MoreRelationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse And Eating Disorder Symptoms1635 Words à |à 7 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorder Symptoms Mallory Holt PSYC 401 Introduction Some studies have shown a correlation between physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse and eating disorders, but there appears to be no casual link. (Tripp, 2001). Between 30 to 50% of adult women report an unwanted sexual experience in either childhood or adulthood. This paper explores the connection between sexual abuse, specificity during childhood, and eating disorders. Eating disorders include anorexia nervosaRead MoreThe Effects Of Disordered Eating Behavior On College Relationships1619 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Impact of Disordered Eating Behavior on College Relationships: A Qualitative Study Research on eating disorders has historically focused on experiences of those suffering from the disorders; however, the National Institutes of Health warns that these disorders can also impact suffersââ¬â¢ families (Chavez amp; Insel, 2007). The DSM-5 characterizes eating disorders as persistent disturbances in eating behavior resulting in (a) abnormalities in food consumption or absorption and (b) impairmentRead MoreDisordered Eating and the Media Essay1344 Words à |à 6 Pageslinked to disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, predominantly among girls but can also be seen in boys. Throughout the years the ideal body shape has progressed from voluptuous and curvaceous an image Marilyn Monroe emulated to a slimmer and leaner frame in congruence with high fashion models such as Kate Moss (Katzmarzk Davis, 2001). Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia nervosa affect between 1% and 4% of young adult females (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Eating disorders have been linked
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
A Comparison and Application of Imaginal Psychology and Deconstruction Theory and Praxis free essay sample
A COMPARISON AND APPLICATION OF IMAGINAL PSYCHOLOGY AND DECONSTRUCTION: THEORY AND PRAXIS by John Souchak Track D Imaginal Psychology CP 512 Kathee Miller 23 March 2010 As I read more on Imaginal Psychology and seek to relate it to my own personal growth and practical therapeutic interventions, I am drawn to my past. I have always been a word person, somewhat on the literal side, and guilty of the charge of calcifying the ââ¬Å"meaningâ⬠of words. During college and graduate school, I explored these long-held patterns. I read post-structuralist theorists such as Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida. Their ideas caused me to question the foundations of linguistics and truth. This groundwork has helped me to understand the underpinnings of Imaginal Psychology. One way that I relate to Imaginal Psychology is through its similarities with one of these theorists: Jacques Derrida. Derrida has fascinated me for many years and his Deconstruction method has interesting parallels to Imaginal Psychology. One basic description of Deconstruction is that it attempts to demonstrate that any text is not a discrete whole but contains several irreconcilable and contradictory meanings; that any text therefore has more than one interpretation; that the text itself links these interpretations inextricably; that the incompatibility of these interpretations is irreducible; and thus that an interpretative reading cannot go beyond a certain point. (ââ¬Å"Deconstructionâ⬠, n. d. ) Compare this to Imaginal Psychology, with its emphasis on the polymorphous/polytheistic appreciation of images The many-sidedness of human nature, the variety of viewpoints even within a single individual, requires the broadest possible spectrum of basic structures. If a psychology wants to represent faithfully the soulââ¬â¢s actual diversity, then it may not beg the question from a beginning by insisting, with monotheistic prejudgment, upon unity of personality. (Hillman, 1975, p. xx) While Hillman is a psychologist and Derrida a philosopher, they both are primarily concerned with the idea of language as meaning-making. Michael V. Adams claims ââ¬Å"Derrida and Hillman would reverse the logic of oppositions and the order of priorities that have privileged the signified over the signifier, the concept over the imageâ⬠(Adams, 1992, p. 248). This stance, that of signifier over signified, is a core tenet of post-structuralism, and one that both Hillman and Derrida share. Although the primary medium differs for each (images for Hillman, literary texts for Derrida), both express similar conceptsââ¬âa. ) multiplicity (Hillmanââ¬â¢s polytheistic perspective, differance for Derrida), b. the lack of a coherent structural ââ¬Å"wholenessâ⬠to texts and psyche; and c. ) the endless ability for new images and meanings to be created. Understanding these similarities is a useful distinction, as it converges with my background in literary theory and provides me with amplification of Imaginal Psychology. In this, one common point is that there is value in de-literalizing dreams or images as â⠬Å"things-unto-themselves. â⬠Instead of fitting a preconceived notion, as evidence for some Truth, or showing how a dream or image shows something like ââ¬Å"Progress,â⬠looking at images with equal value encourages curiosity. With this frame, I understand Imaginal Psychologyââ¬â¢s value in fostering ââ¬Å"beginnerââ¬â¢s mind,â⬠especially in the realm of free association. The critique of free association as practiced is that it is not ââ¬Å"free. â⬠Instead, some have followed a ââ¬Å"bread crumbâ⬠method, where each image builds upon the next, imposing some ââ¬Å"pathâ⬠wherein there is a near-deterministic quality to the exploration (ââ¬Å"a leads to b, which leads to c, which must mean that d is nextâ⬠). As part of Imaginal Psychologyââ¬â¢s critique, this is a misguided ethic of giving primacy to the notion of individuation or Self, which intrudes upon the process of image-making. This critique does not deny the process of individuation, but objects to the positing of a Self instead of remaining in curiosity, bewilderment, and relationship to the image. When a goal or rigid hypothesis is introduced, the effects can be detrimental to an image and the flow of psychic energy. I understand the dangers of losing psychic energy by way of literalization. I have had a personal compulsion, which speaks to this point. In my past, whenever I heard an unfamiliar song that spoke to me, I would use any method to find that song and buy it. Almost without exception, this resulted in the energy dissipating from that song. The song then sat in a library of other dead songs, collected like fallen leaves waiting to be swept away. In essence, this fetish, as well as the process Robert Johnson (1986) describes as ââ¬Å"chain associationsâ⬠(p. 54), are similar facets of the same tendency, to chase a fading ghost instead of shining a light and looking for the next appearance. The danger is in literalizing curiosity. This obscures and dishonors the original image in exchange for a need to interpret. Two personal examples illustrate this. In my traineeship, I have seen both the problem and a possible solution on a small scale. I had been working for several months with a 14-year-old boy, Noah, who was having serious anger management issues. After a number of sessions, he discussed how angry he was because his father would not fix a boat, which Noah loved. We started to explore what the boat represented for him. We talked about songs, movies, and even clothing and I tried to amplify the image of the boat. I presumed that the boat must have represented a form of escape that Noah could take, and that his anger towards his father was partially due to the restriction of not being able to escape. As we continued, I operated from that stance: the boat represented escape. I did not suggest this hypothesis to Noah, but still, I held the idea that it must mean something related to Noahââ¬â¢s frustration, desire for freedom, and anger at his family situation. Then Noah told me curtly ââ¬Å"the boat is like everything else; he doesnââ¬â¢t fix stuff. He says all this stuff that heââ¬â¢s gonna do, and he doesnââ¬â¢t do it. â⬠It was true that Noah was frustrated, but my theory was misplaced. In essence I interfered with his process. Instead of ââ¬Å"granting consciousness and autonomy at the imaginal level to the emotions and behaviors of the adolescentâ⬠(Frankel, 1998, p. ), my desire to concretize the boat as representing freedom removed some of my own curiosity and perhaps limited its use for Noahââ¬â¢s gain. But this was only a step in my process. Later, I felt more aligned and productive in my own active imagination explorations. One night I had a dream I am on a massive yacht that is owned by Sigourney Weaver. I ask someone if it can go underwater and they say yes. ââ¬Å"50â⬠¦100 feet? â⬠I ask but no answer. I lay down and Sigourney lays like a cat behind me. I guess she wants me to be her ââ¬Å"boytoy. â⬠She sort of strokes my back, laying behind me. She tells me and everyone else that she doesnââ¬â¢t want to talk and is that okayâ⬠¦ (Authorââ¬â¢s dream, December 13, 2009) I began the next day with an active imagination exercise with the Sigourney Weaver figure from the dream. I began a dialogue What are you? /What am I? /What do you have to say? /Do we have to talk? /What do I have to know? /That you are ignorant/How do I use that? /Know it/How do I know it? /Be ignorant. (Authorââ¬â¢s personal journal, December 14, 2009) What I took from this encounter was simply that: to be ignorant, to be a beginner. I did not try to analyze what was meant, what the figures represented, or calculate at what stage of anima development I had reached. I just started to appreciate the simplicity of being ignorant, which freed me from some anxiety. It was meaning unto itself. While these examples are perhaps a subtle progression, they move me towards a path of de-emphasizing the need to interpret towards a goal. This recalls my own progression in college and graduate school, and is something that is important to me personally as well as therapeutically. Interestingly, both Derrida and Hillman emphasize this point in their writings. Although few critics yet realize it, there is a remarkable affinity between imaginal psychology and deconstructive philosophy, between Hillman and Derridaâ⬠¦Derrida and Hillman have reached similar conclusions by different and independent meansâ⬠¦Hillman even says that he infers that ââ¬Å"destructuralizingâ⬠(by which he evidently means ââ¬Å"deconstructingâ⬠) is an activity similar in purpose to what he means by ââ¬Å"revisioningâ⬠: an effort to counteract the pervasive tendency to interpret the image, that is, to reduce it to a conceptââ¬âto what it ââ¬Å"meansâ⬠in hermenuetic terms. In semiotic or deconstructive jargon, the image is, of course, the signifier, and the concept, the signified. ) (Adams, 1992, p. 239-40) In thinking of how to counteract this tendency in myself, I am drawn to the image of the mandala. Regardless of the culture from which it originates, a mandala expresses different aspects upon new viewings. While a mandala contain s a center, it can be approached from a multitude of points and no one path is indicated. Also, following a single path in a mandala does not exhaust its potential, and it can be said that while a certain space (theme, mood, idea) is entertained by viewing it through a certain side (angle, ray), it only changes the ââ¬Å"centerâ⬠of the mandala temporarily and does not imply its totality. Derrida would say, meaning is always deferred when viewing a mandala. Or in Hillmanââ¬â¢s language, a mandala contains multiplicity. The process for de-literalization is similar to that of viewing a mandala, pondering a koan, or adopting a meditative stance. This is reflected in Jungââ¬â¢s notions on active imagination In his discussion of the first step, Jung speaks of the need for systematic exercises to eliminate critical attention and produce a vacuum in consciousness. This part of the experience is familiar to many psychological approaches and forms of meditation. It involves a suspension of our rational, critical faculties in order to give free rein to fantasy. The special way of looking that brings things alive (betrachten) would be related to this phase of active imagination. In his ââ¬ËCommentary on The Secret of the Golden Flowerââ¬â¢ (1929) Jung speaks of the first step of wu wei, that is, the Taoist idea of letting things happen. (Chodorow, 1997, p. 10) Figure 1. Tibetan Mandala Chodorow also states how Jungââ¬â¢s second stage of active imagination has ââ¬Å"consciousness [taking] the leadâ⬠(p. 10). I resonate with this last point, and this is my difficulty with Hillman and Imaginal Psychology. How does one work with images without falling into an endless metonymy of images, de-literalized, equal in value, stretching out into perpetuity? When does go or a discernment faculty enter this process and how does the therapist help the client in this process? It is a challenge, for I do agree with an ethic of forestalling and delaying some rational impulse to make sense of images. To me, this is the ââ¬Å"vacuum of consciousnessâ⬠that Chodorow finds in Jung. It also echoes Derridaââ¬â¢s arguments on delaying gratification when asser ting meaning, ââ¬Å"Whatever precautions you take so the photograph will look like this or that, there comes a moment when the photograph surprises youâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Jacques Derrida Quotesâ⬠, n. d. ). Yet while this feels like an interesting way to approach images from theoretical perspective, it is hard to see how this can be applied in a therapy session. One possibility is to consider a linguistic way of working with clients. Applying Derrida, Hillman, and a depth perspective to popular representative art, William Drake (2001) discusses focusing not on the literal text, but to be drawn into the ââ¬Ëgapââ¬â¢ opened by the transition of the ââ¬Ëshowing and telling,ââ¬â¢ to self. By the gap I mean the encrypted human condition of often-missed metaphors which slips by us on the tip of the tongue; in the blink of an eye. Drake, 2001, p. xi) When I originally wrote down this quotation for this paper, and perhaps synchronistically, I wrote it as ââ¬Å"tip of the dialogueâ⬠and not ââ¬Å"tip of the tongue. â⬠The value to me of my unconscious substitution of dialogue is to avoid marginalizing the actual dialogue, to not settle on meaning too early, and to look o ut for gaps in meaning, to follow the ââ¬Å"tip of the dialogue. â⬠In this, my slip was decidedly un-Freudian, and cannot be reduced to some one-to-one correspondence or meaning. A later example from my traineeship illustrates how I am coming to terms with the imaginal method. One client, a young man named Cody, came in because of a violent, vicious attack that he had perpetuated. On his behalf, and not with probation, he wanted to explore what this incident revealed about him. He was scared, but wanted to explore the incident in therapy. Instead of approaching the sessions as I had done in the case of Noah, this time I started to develop a more fluid, less analytical approach, in a way to resist meaning and to continue to appreciate the symbolic importance of the case. In this, I tried to work as Matthew Green suggests, not to determine the solution, but simply to hear what suffering is trying to say Green attempts to enact Hillmans methodology of seeing through the way the problem is initially posed. Following Hillman in giving attention to the pathologized, Green carefully works to listen into the boys desires and hopes, rather than imposing the desire of the state agency on them. (ââ¬Å"On Returning to the Soul of the Worldâ⬠, n. d. ) Therefore, although I was tempted to interpret what the violence meant, we instead looked at images of death, killing, and revenge and explored them by themselves. At times, this has been in the form of short active imagination sessions, at other times I have simply suggested to him that he compose music with the incident in mind. I did not suggest any literalization or meaning to the violence, and Cody has been freed up and enjoys working with the images, even when they are painful reminders of his past. Working this way has presented two additional challenges to me. One challenge for me personally is to stay curious and allow myself the permission of non-directive listening. As Mary Watkins says, ââ¬Å"would we be presumptuous enough with our friend to think he had an experience he wishes to tell us about in order to remind us of our experiencesâ⬠(Watkins, 1984, p. 129). In all my sessions where I have used Imaginal techniques, the idea of being non-directive has been a challenge. It has not so much about the content, but more about the process of engaging clients Imaginally. At times, I have felt manipulative to get a client on the ground and working in a sand tray. To a couple, I have repeatedly said ââ¬Å"you can bring a dream in if you likeâ⬠when it was obvious I was craving the work. Recently, I have just decided to be more relaxed and allow psyche to take hold, and the results have been favorable. As I have dropped the need to work imaginally, more material (Codyââ¬â¢s for example) has entered the room. My second challenge has been with the Imaginal notion of the Self. In the spirit of Imaginal Psychology, I can agree with Soul being ââ¬Å"like the Knight Errant whose home is the ceaselessly blowing spirit, the soul cannot settle or conform because it is driven to reform, reformulate and unsettle all formsâ⬠(Avens, 1980, p. 32). However, I see Self as something that fragments and coalesces with some intelligence and I see Self as something tantamount to a Platonic form, a reflection of the Soul. I do see a telos in the Soulââ¬â¢s progression when Hillman (1990) argues that ââ¬Å"even in symptomatic behavior there are signs of the soulââ¬â¢s telos, the directions it wants to takeâ⬠(p. 2). But in this, I tend to follow a more traditional Jungian view as I allow for the existence of an archetype of the Self. I view individuation as progress towards an unknown goal and something not as essential in every client, but to be encouraged when apparent. Without trying to side with a more traditional Jungian approach or a strictly Imaginal one, perhaps there is a mediating force that operates between the Hillman Soul and the Jung conception of the Archetype of the Self, something resembling centrifugal and centripetal forces. It does not seem a satisfying conclusion, and for now, I will play with the ideal of Soul having form and purpose, but not fixate on it. It is clear that there are deeper levels for me to understand as to the ontology of the soul, linguistic and philosophic challenges as to where the soul resides, and the division of the Jungian archetype of the Self as compared to Hillmanââ¬â¢s notion of the Soul. But I do not want to become theoretical posturing to overshadow my work with clients. What will become essential for me is the method in which I explore images in personal work and in the therapeutic relationship. Also, I will be meditating on how images have value by themselves prior to analysis, it is useful to delay meaning and allow images to be explored from a number of tangents or rays. Approaching images from a reverence to me is much like approaching the Oracle of Delphi, asking questions with humility and an open mind. I look forward to approaching the Imaginal with this humility. Reference Adams, Michael V. (1992). Deconstructive Philosophy and Imaginal Psychology: Comparative Perpectives on Jacques Derrida and James Hillman. In R. Sugg (Ed. ) Jungian literary criticism. (pp. 231-248). Chicago, IL: Northwestern Univ Press. Avens, Robert. (1980). Imagination in Jung and Hillman. In Imagination is Reality (pp. 31-47). Dallas, TX: Spring Publications, Inc. Chodorow, J. (1997). Introduction. In Chodorow, J. (Ed. ), Jung on active imagination (pp. 1-20). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Deconstruction (n. . ) Retrieved January 3, 2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Deconstruction Drake, William. (2001). Representation: Re-collecting Mythology in an Age of Showing and Telling. Pacifica Graduate Institute: Carpinteria, CA. Frankel, Richard. (1998). The Adolescent Psyche: Jungian and Winnicottian Perspectives. New York, N. Y. : Routledge. Hillman, James. (1975). Re-Visioning Psychology. New York, N. Y. : Harper Collins. Hillman, James. (1990). The Essential Jame s Hillman: A Blue Fire. New York, N. Y. : Routledge. Jacques Derrida Quotes (n. d. ) Retrieved March 24, 2010 from http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/j/jacques_derrida_2. html Johnson, Robert A. (1986). Inner Work: Using Dreams and Active Imagination for Personal Growth. New York, N. Y. : Harper Collins. On Returning to the Soul of the World (n. d. ) Retrieved December 31, 2009 from http://www. terrapsych. com/Watkins. pdf Watkins, M. (1984). Movements from and towards the imaginal. In Waking Dreams (pp. 126-142). Dallas, TX: Spring Publications, Inc.
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